ar X iv : 0 70 9 . 38 03 v 4 [ m at h . G R ] 2 4 M ar 2 00 8 COMPLETE REDUCIBILITY AND SEPARABILITY

Let G be a reductive linear algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. A subgroup of G is said to be separable in G if its global and infinitesimal centralizers have the same dimension. We study the interaction between the notion of separability and Serre's concept of G-complete reducibility for subgroups of G. The separability hypothesis appears in many general theorems concerning G-complete re-ducibility. We demonstrate that many of these results fail without this hypothesis. On the other hand, we prove that if G is a connected reductive group and p is very good for G, then any subgroup of G is separable; we deduce that under these hypotheses on G, a subgroup H of G is G-completely reducible provided Lie G is semisimple as an H-module. Recently, Guralnick has proved that if H is a reductive subgroup of G and C is a conjugacy class of G, then C ∩H is a finite union of H-conjugacy classes. For generic p — when certain extra hypotheses hold, including separability — this follows from a well-known tangent space argument due to Richardson, but in general, it rests on Lusztig's deep result that a connected reductive group has only finitely many unipotent conjugacy classes. We show that the analogue of Guralnick's result is false if one considers conjugacy classes of n-tuples of elements from H for n > 1.